Human-in-the-loop puts a person at chosen decision points inside an agent's flow.
It is the most effective safety control available for agents that act in the world.
The rule is simple: gate anything irreversible or externally visible.
Sending an email, spending money, deleting data, changing production configuration.
The agent pauses, states what it intends to do, and waits.
Showing the exact action rather than a summary is what makes the review meaningful.
About to send this email, to this address, with this text.
A vague description invites approval without reading, which is worse than no gate.
Approval fatigue is the real enemy, since a person clicking yes fifty times stops reading.
Gate few things and gate them well.
Auto-approve the reversible and the low-value, and escalate the rest.
Thresholds work well, such as refunds under twenty pounds proceeding automatically.
Provide an undo where you can, since reversibility is worth more than a confirmation.
Log every approval with who approved it and what they saw.
As agents get more capable this becomes more important rather than less.